Centinel

Centinel was the pseudonym of an Anti-Federalist writer, commonly attributed to Samuel Bryan of Pennsylvania. He argued that the proposed Constitution would concentrate too much power in the federal government, weakening state authority and threatening individual rights.

John DeWitt

John DeWitt was the pseudonym of an Anti-Federalist writer, often attributed to John Dickinson of Pennsylvania. He argued that the proposed Constitution would concentrate too much power in the federal government, diminishing state authority and failing to adequately protect individual rights and liberties.

Agrippa

Agrippa was the pseudonym of an Anti-Federalist writer, widely believed to be James Winthrop of Massachusetts. He argued that the proposed government threatened the independence of the states and lacked sufficient protections for individual rights and local self-governance.

An Old Whig

An Old Whig was the pseudonym of an Anti-Federalist writer, often attributed to John Dickinson of Pennsylvania. He opposed the Constitution, arguing it would centralize power and diminish state authority. An Old Whig called for stronger protections of individual rights and a more balanced distribution of power.

Luther Martin

Luther Martin was a prominent Anti-Federalist from Maryland who vocally opposed the U.S. Constitution. He argued that it concentrated too much power in the federal government, undermined state sovereignty, and lacked protections for individual rights, particularly through the absence of a Bill of Rights.

Other Papers

Additional Anti-Federalist papers of note and importance.

The Federal Farmer

The Federal Farmer was the pseudonym of an Anti-Federalist writer, often attributed to Richard Henry Lee of Virginia. He opposed the Constitution, criticizing its centralization of power and the absence of a Bill of Rights, which he believed would lead to tyranny and undermine individual freedoms.

Brutus

Brutus was the pseudonym of a prominent Anti-Federalist writer, likely Robert Yates, who published essays opposing the U.S. Constitution. He warned that the proposed federal government would overpower the states and lacked sufficient safeguards for individual liberties.

Cato

Cato was the pseudonym of an Anti-Federalist writer, often attributed to George Clinton, used in a series of essays criticizing the U.S. Constitution. His writings argued that centralized power threatened republican principles and called for a bill of rights to protect civil freedoms.